Sustainable refurbishment

¨ SUSTAINABILITY

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•        The best-known definition of sustainability or sustainable development is the definition by  the World Commission on Environment and Development ,i.e.

•        “developments that meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs."

         This world is not given to us, we simply borrow it from our children

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   GOALS OF SUSTAINABLE BUILDINGS

¨ Refurbishment sustainability

 

¨ Introduction

¨  Refurbishment has always been considered as one of the best strategies for sustainability because it reused and recycled the existing resources. (Economy)

¨ reduce energy consumption and minimizing heat losses. (environment)

¨ Preserving heritage for future generation (social)

¨ However, to improve sustainability, there should be minimum demolition work. However, it is very tempting for the designer to opt for demolition because it will give them more freedom in design

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¨ Three components of sustainability

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¨ Sustainable construction/refurbishment

¨ The definition of ‘sustainable construction’ that we work to is, broadly speaking, drawn from the government’s publication ‘Building a Better Quality of Life’ (DETR, 2000).  We aim to help ensure that:

¨ The construction industry as a whole is more profitable and more competitive  (economic)

¨ Resources are efficiently and effectively used throughout the life-cycle of a building or structure (economic)

¨ The built environment meets the needs of its customers and end-users in terms of satisfaction, well-being and value (social)

¨ Construction stakeholders at all levels are respected and treated fairly (social)

¨ The natural environment is protected  and existing habitats are enhanced wherever possible to improve biodiversity (environmental)

¨ Energy consumption (especially carbon-based energy) is minimised (environmental, economic)

¨ Factors influencing refurbishment sustainability

¨ Factors influencing refurbishment sustainability

¨ Factors influencing refurbishment sustainability

a. Micro environment

¨ Buildings deterioration and obsolescence

¨ Quality of premises

¨ Facilities management . The effort spent to provide complete operations and maintenance service support so that physical facility (buildings, equipment, machinery, system and grounds) may operate at an optimum lowest overall total cost.

¨ Innovative technologies use

¨ Refurbishment financing

¨ Information system

¨ Factors influencing refurbishment sustainability

b. Stakeholders participation in decision making  during design and construction proceses

¨ Technical personnel/building administrators

¨ Building designers

¨ Contractors

¨ Building users

effectiveness and efficiency depends on their skills and knowledge

¨ Factors influencing refurbishment sustainability

c. Macro environment

¨ – social- public awareness and education (living conditions and standards, educational background, labor force, regulations and legal acts, health protections, public organizations, media, citizens attitudes to refurbishment,

¨ political  - policies, governmental orders and subsidies

¨  economic – poorer countries tend to put     more emphasis on monitory value rather than social and environmental values

¨ Cultural – literacy, cultural traditions, cultural needs, quality and working condition requirements ,

¨ Managing for sustainability

¨ Benefits of sustainable buildings

¨ Lower energy costs through the use of simpler, low tech heating and power installations

¨ Lower maintenance costs due to simple building services

¨ Increase of comfort

¨ Healthier buildings – to reduce absenteeism

¨ Extension of building life cycle

¨ Environmental protection - Increased use of environment-friendly materials and renewable energy sources

¨ Factors influencing refurbishment sustainability

¨ Scientific- fundamental and utilitarian researches development level, information technologies, industrial and manufacturing technologies, innovations in refurbishment processes

¨ Natural and ecological factors -  temperature, rainfall, humidity, landscape and topography

¨ Conceptual design

¨ the client leads the project and identifies the need for building based on space requirements and budget allocation. The client can assess the space requirements by analyzing the existing space.

¨ A purpose statement should be prepared at the briefing process. The formulation of the clients brief should include an appraisal of the existing asset by the design team. The projects technical and physical characteristics must be established.

¨  A high proportion of important information could only be obtained from the client.

¨ During the conceptual design, the architect reviews the refurbishment project requirements furnished by the client to ascertain the requirements.

¨ The architect must then provide a preliminary evaluation of the client’s program, schedule and construction budget requirements.

¨ the architect reviews the alternative approaches to design and construction of the refurbishment project with the client.

¨ The architect normally produces concept drawings which are used for discussions with the client and other design team members.

¨ Personalities involved – right people, for the right job

¨ Developing subordinates

¨ Levels of organization –make sure that there are no overlapping functions – not too many levels (tall organization)

¨ Skill level of workforce – Lower skill level, may require closer supervision- fewer subordinates for each supervisor. Needs to train the workforce

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¨ Operating schedules – single shift/multiple shifts

¨ Type of operation – reflected within the organization of the type of  technical people required, types of supervisors needed

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¨ ENVIRONMENT

1.    CO₂ emissions to the atmosphere due to energy consumption

2.    chemical compounds emissions which cause thinning of the ozone layer

3.    Waste through recycling, reuse of materials, collecting and segregating office and domestic recyclable waste such as paper and plastic

4.    Waste on construction sites

5.     

6.    To take care of wildlife habitats through preventing building on ecologically valuable sites and to protect and enhance ecological value; to reuse existing buildings, perhaps changing their functions

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¨ SOCIAL

1.    To take care of indoor environment in buildings, eliminating the risk of health loss by better air ventilation of space, minimizing sickness rate with respiratory system diseases, avoiding harmful building materials, minimizing noise and dusts

2.    To protect against radioactivity (radon

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¨ ECONOMIC

1.    50 percents of energy devoted to producing artificial indoor climate through heating. Energy bill constitute 25 percent of building ‘s total operating costs

2.    Optimal use of non-renewal (finite) resources, i.e., energy, land, minerals and other natural resources

2.    Employing renewable resources such as solar energy for heating houses, wind and water for energy accumulation. Use wood as the main building material

3.    Building such objects which enable future generations to meet their needs in the domain of quality, flexibility, adaptability

¨ Incorporating sustainability in design

¨ Passive solar design

Architectural design approaches that minimize building energy consumption by integrating conventional energy efficient devices such as

¨ Installation of mechanical and electrical pumps  and fans with passive design elements

¨ building siting

¨ efficient envelope -, appropriate amounts of  fenestration, increased daylighting design and thermal mass. 

¨ building envelope

¨ Building envelope consists of materials and finishes that enclose space, separating inside from outside. This includes walls, windows, doors, roofs and floor surfaces.

¨ Factors affecting envelope design –climate and  activity inside the building

¨ Store and distribute the heat and cool air so it is available when needed

¨ During refurbishment, the designers can consider using advanced glazings when replacing windows

¨ daylighting

¨ Allows daylight, heat and airflow only when beneficial

¨ Control the entrance of sunlight and airflows into building only at appropriate times

¨ HVAC Systems

¨ HVAC system requirements i8ncreased dramatically in the twentieth century in response to changes in design practices . Such as use of glazing, sealed buildings,etc

¨ Retrofits offer an opportunity to replace or convert an existing refrigeration system to the one that uses an environmentally benign refrigerant

¨ Existing systems may be at the end of their expected life

¨ Address and correct pass problems

¨ Resize components to current requirements
improve occupant comfort

¨ Comply with current building regulations

¨ Install new building control system – sensors

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¨ Indoor air quality

Factors that contribute to IAQ are as follows

1.    Construction materials, furnishings and equipment that emit odor, particles and volatile organic compounds

2.    Building envelope  controls infiltration of outside air moisture and may include operable and inoperable windows

3.    Ventilation system

4.    Maintenance

5.    Occupants- people and pets

6.    Indoor air quality

7.    Electric and magnetic field

8.    Sick building syndrome

9.    Building related illness

10. acoustics

11. Surface finishes  - balance between hard acoustically reflective materials and soft absorptive materials

12. Materials and specifications

13. Use materials that do not cause a lot of waste

14. Reused

¨ Recycled

¨ Use renewable materials

¨ Local content and reduced transportation

¨ Regionally appropriate materials

¨ specifications

¨ Written documents that accompany drawings and describe the quality of construction